A recent study using a partial sample (total N = 9631, consisting of individuals who currently smoke n = 399, no longer smoke n = 3322, and who have never smoked n = 5910) from the UK Biobank looking at several cardiovascular risk factors found that a greater number of cigarette pack years (i.e., cigarettes per day divided by 20 and then times the number of years smoked) was associated with reduced total gray matter volume and reduced volume of the thalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and several cortical regions [14]
It's not clear whether electronic cigarettes or other tobacco products that contain menthol would be affected by an FDA ban.
The equivalisation weight used to calculate the per kilogram excise rate on loose tobacco will reduce from 0.7 grams to 0.6 grams over four years: 0.675 grams in 2023, 0.6500 grams in 2024, 0.625 grams in 2025, and reaching 0.600 grams on 1 September 2026
J84.170 Interstitial lung disease with progressive fibrotic phenotype in diseases classified elsewhere: This FY2025 new code requires the underlying disease to be coded first (e.g., M34.81 for SSc, J67.x for HP)
